Biotic and Abiotic Interactions

This topic teaches students to distinguish between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors in an ecosystem and analyse the three kinds of relationships: within the biotic community, between the biotic community and the physical environment, and within the physical environment itself. Understanding these interactions is fundamental to ecology and is heavily tested in ECZ exams. It helps Zambian learners see the complex web of connections in their local environment.