Costing and Accounting

This advanced financial topic teaches learners to apply costing and accounting principles to meet farm financial obligations. Students will distinguish between direct and overhead costs, calculate gross margins and net profit/loss for an enterprise, and explore ways to increase profitability. This competence is central to analyzing and improving farm business performance. It is a high-level skill tested in ECZ examinations through calculations and questions that require analysis of enterprise profitability, cost control, and financial decision-making for Zambian farmers.