Excretion in Plants and Animals

Students will explore the mechanisms of excretion in both plants and animals. They will identify excretory structures and products, relate kidney structure to function, and describe processes like ultrafiltration and osmoregulation. The topic also covers common kidney disorders and the role of lungs and skin in excretion. This is a key area for ECZ exams on life processes and homeostasis. It helps Zambian learners understand how organisms remove waste and maintain internal balance, linking to health and environmental biology.