The Soil - Composition and Fertility

Learners analyse soil composition (air, microorganisms, particles, humus), classify soil types (clay, sandy, loamy), and investigate soil fertility. They practice ways to improve and retain fertility and compare crop yields. This topic is of immense practical importance in agriculture-dependent Zambia. It provides the biological foundation for understanding land use and food security, and is a common theme in ECZ exams, linking biology to sustainable development and the CBC's cross-cutting themes.