Criminal Law(Degree)

This specialized course analyzes the distinct legal framework governing children in conflict with the law and children in need of protection in Zambia. It covers the Juvenile Justice Act, the relevant parts of the Penal Code (e.g., defilement), and the Children's Code Act. Students examine the procedures in juvenile courts, …

This specialized course analyzes the distinct legal framework governing children in conflict with the law and children in need of protection in Zambia. It covers the Juvenile Justice Act, the relevant parts of the Penal Code (e.g., defilement), and the Children's Code Act. Students examine the procedures in juvenile courts, diversion programs, rehabilitation in approved schools, and the role of social welfare officers. This expertise is essential for Legal Practitioners in the Child Justice Court, State Advocates in the NPA's family and child protection unit, and Legal Officers for NGOs like Plan International Zambia. 25schools delivers crucial resources including summaries of child-friendly justice procedures, case studies, and analyses of the interplay between criminal law and child welfare, preparing students for exams and this sensitive practice area.

This course introduces the fundamental principles governing the proof of facts in Zambian criminal trials under the Evidence Act. Students explore core concepts such as relevance, admissibility, burden and standard of proof (beyond a reasonable doubt), and the classification of evidence (oral, documentary, real). A key focus is on the …

This course introduces the fundamental principles governing the proof of facts in Zambian criminal trials under the Evidence Act. Students explore core concepts such as relevance, admissibility, burden and standard of proof (beyond a reasonable doubt), and the classification of evidence (oral, documentary, real). A key focus is on the exclusionary rules regarding confessions, hearsay, and character evidence. Mastery of evidence law is critical for Trial Advocates making and responding to objections, Magistrates ruling on admissibility, and Prosecutors constructing a cogent case. 25schools demystifies this technical subject with clear rule summaries, annotated excerpts from trial transcripts, and mnemonic aids for remembering complex exceptions, providing targeted support for students at Mulungushi University and others facing challenging exams.

This course delves into the detailed rules concerning witnesses and specific methods of proof in criminal cases. Topics include competence and compellability of witnesses (with focus on vulnerable witnesses), examination techniques, corroboration, expert evidence (including from the Zambia Police Forensic Unit), and the proof of documents and electronic evidence. In …

This course delves into the detailed rules concerning witnesses and specific methods of proof in criminal cases. Topics include competence and compellability of witnesses (with focus on vulnerable witnesses), examination techniques, corroboration, expert evidence (including from the Zambia Police Forensic Unit), and the proof of documents and electronic evidence. In an era of complex crime, understanding expert and digital evidence is key for Lawyers practicing in Lusaka's High Court or handling cybercrime cases. 25schools provides in-depth study aids covering the procedure for admitting expert reports, strategies for cross-examining witnesses, and updates on evolving jurisprudence regarding digital evidence, equipping students at UNZA and CBU with advanced skills for both examinations and future litigation.