Musculoskeletal assessment evaluates bone, joint, and muscle function to identify impairments, monitor conditions, and guide mobility interventions for optimal function and pain management. Components: inspection (symmetry, deformity, swelling, color); palpation (tenderness, warmth, crepitus); range of motion (active and passive); muscle strength (0-5 scale); gait; and functional ability. Nurses also assess pain, stiffness, and effect on activities of daily living. Documentation includes specific findings and functional limitations. Special tests: neurovascular assessment for fractures; straight leg raise for back pain. Musculoskeletal assessment detects: fractures, arthritis, muscle weakness, joint instability. Regular assessment guides: mobility assistance; rehabilitation referrals; pain management; and prevention of complications (contractures, falls). Nurses educate about joint protection and exercise. This assessment is crucial after trauma, with arthritis, neurological conditions, or prolonged immobility. It supports independence and quality of life.

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Zambia

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