Diabetes insipidus (DI) is the disorder characterized by polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination of dilute urine) due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine. This can result from either a deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), known as central DI, or from the kidneys' failure to respond to ADH, known as nephrogenic DI. Causes include head trauma, tumors, surgery (central DI), genetic mutations, lithium toxicity, hypercalcemia, or certain drugs (nephrogenic DI). Patients can excrete several liters of urine per day, leading to dehydration and hypernatremia if fluid intake is insufficient. It is differentiated from Diabetes mellitus by the absence of glucosuria and hyperglycemia. Diagnosis involves a water deprivation test and treatment depends on the type (desmopressin for central DI, thiazides and low-salt diet for nephrogenic DI).

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Zambia

• Chita katowando – 271 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
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