Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance
Q: The Etest can be used to determine MICs for antifungal agents.
Did You Know?
This statement is true. HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) testing in breast cancer is a critical application of IHC that directly guides therapy. The results are scored on a scale of 0 to 3+ based on the intensity and completeness of membrane staining in the tumor cells. A score of **3+** is defined as strong, complete circumferential membrane staining in more than 10% of tumor cells. This result is interpreted as **positive for HER2 protein overexpression**. This finding has major clinical implications: it identifies patients who are likely to benefit from targeted therapies like trastuzumab (Herceptin), which specifically blocks the HER2 receptor. Accurate scoring is therefore vital, and borderline cases (2+) require confirmation with a more quantitative molecular test like FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) to assess gene amplification.
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