Arthropod Reactions and Infestations
Q: What is the term for inflammation of the joints?
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also called corticotropin, is the anterior pituitary hormone that directly stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol. ACTH is a peptide hormone derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Its release is triggered by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, especially in response to stress. ACTH binds to receptors on cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, activating steroidogenesis—the process of converting cholesterol into cortisol. Cortisol then exerts negative feedback on both the hypothalamus and pituitary to inhibit further CRH and ACTH release, completing the HPA axis feedback loop. Abnormalities in this axis can lead to disorders like Cushing's disease (pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor) or Addison's disease (primary adrenal failure).
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