Calcium and Magnesium: Bone Health and Metabolism
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In signal transduction, the first messenger is the extracellular signaling molecule (e.g., a hormone). When it binds to a receptor, it often activates an intracellular molecule known as a second messenger (e.g., cyclic AMP - cAMP, calcium ions, inositol trisphosphate - IP3). The second messenger then amplifies and relays the signal within the cell to trigger a response.
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