Calcium Homeostasis and Disorders

Calcium Homeostasis and Disorders is a fundamental topic for tertiary-level students in Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology, and Clinical Chemistry programs in Zambia. This module covers the regulation of blood calcium by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin; the mechanisms of calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract; and disorders such as hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiencies. Students will explore diagnostic approaches, biochemical tests, and clinical implications of calcium imbalance, including bone diseases and renal complications. Understanding calcium metabolism is vital for careers in clinical diagnostics, endocrinology, and nutrition within Zambia's healthcare sector. This topic is integral to university syllabi, professional examinations, and the training of competent laboratory scientists and clinicians serving Zambian populations.