Swallowing and aspiration risk assessment is critical in Parkinson's disease due to progressive dysphagia from bradykinesia and rigidity affecting pharyngeal muscles. Assessment includes: observing swallowing; checking for drooling; monitoring meal duration; listening for wet voice; and screening for aspiration pneumonia signs. Interventions: speech therapy referral; modified diet textures; small frequent meals; upright position during/after eating; specific swallowing techniques; and good oral care. Other priorities: fall risk (postural instability, freezing); medication timing (levodopa must be given on empty stomach, protein interferes); motor fluctuations ('on-off' phenomena); non-motor symptoms (depression, constipation, sleep disorders); and self-care ability. Nurses educate about: medication management; home safety; exercise program; and when to seek help. Parkinson's requires multidisciplinary care including neurology, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy for optimal management.

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Zambia

• loveness Phiri – 745 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies