Urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation shows a mixture of malignant urothelial cells (forming clusters with moderate cytoplasm, round nuclei, prominent nucleoli) and malignant squamous cells (single or loose, with dense keratinized cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and sometimes tadpole shapes). There may be background keratin debris. This variant accounts for 20-30% of urothelial carcinomas and has similar prognosis to pure urothelial carcinoma unless pure squamous cell carcinoma develops. Cytological recognition is important as pure squamous cell carcinoma (often associated with chronic irritation) has different risk factors and management.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies