Umbrella cells (superficial urothelial cells) in urine cytology are often bi- or multinucleated and have abundant cytoplasm that may show a 'lace-collar' appearance due to the presence of small vacuoles along the cytoplasmic membrane. These cells are the outermost layer of the urothelium and serve as a barrier against urine. Their large size, low N/C ratio, and uniform nuclei help distinguish them from malignant cells. The 'lace-collar' effect is a distinctive feature that can aid in identifying benign urothelial cells.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies