Extrapyramidal Side Effects and Movement Disorders

This essential topic for tertiary health science students in Zambia examines the extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) associated with antipsychotic medications, including akathisia, dystonia, drug-induced parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia. It delves into the underlying neurochemical pathophysiology involving dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia. The content is critical for university and college learners in medicine and pharmacy to accurately diagnose, manage, and prevent these adverse drug reactions in clinical settings. Understanding these movement disorders is vital for patient safety, informed consent, and optimizing pharmacotherapy for psychiatric conditions. Mastery of this topic is assessed in professional and degree-level examinations and is a cornerstone of competent, ethical pharmacological practice in Zambia's tertiary healthcare education and beyond.