University revision · Microbiology

Gastrointestinal Viruses

Question 1 of 2 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

Which of the following viruses is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route?

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Cushing's syndrome, characterized by chronic excess cortisol, has widespread and severe long-term consequences if left untreated. Osteoporosis is a major and serious complication. Cortisol is a potent catabolic hormone that directly inhibits bone formation by osteoblasts and increases bone resorption by osteoclasts. It also reduces intestinal calcium absorption and increases renal calcium excretion. Over time, this leads to a significant loss of bone mineral density, making bones fragile and highly susceptible to fractures, even from minor trauma. Other long-term consequences include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, severe muscle wasting, increased risk of infections, skin thinning, and cardiovascular disease. While weight gain and mood changes are also symptoms, osteoporosis represents a specific, debilitating structural damage caused by the prolonged hormonal imbalance.

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