HIV Testing Services (HTS) and Algorithms

This critical topic covers the principles, approaches, and standard algorithms for HIV Testing Services (HTS) as per Zambian national guidelines. Designed for tertiary students in clinical medicine, nursing, public health, and medical laboratory programs, it details the 'Five Cs': Consent, Confidentiality, Counselling, Correct Results, and Connection. Students will learn about various HTS approaches, including Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC), Client-Initiated Counselling and Testing (CICT), and targeted strategies like Index Testing and Partner Notification Services (PNS). The module provides a thorough breakdown of the national HIV serological testing algorithm using Determine and Bioline tests, and distinguishes between repeat testing and re-testing. Emphasis is placed on linkage to care and the vital concept of 'test and treat.' For Zambian university and college learners, proficiency in HTS is a non-negotiable clinical skill. This topic prepares students for practical examinations, clinical rotations, and ultimately for implementing ethical, effective, and rights-based testing services in hospitals and clinics across Zambia, contributing directly to the 90-90-90 targets.