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Candida in urine cytology appears as budding yeast cells (3-8 μm) with pseudohyphae (elongated chains of cells). The yeast cells are round to oval and may show narrow-based budding. Pseudohyphae appear as elongated filamentous structures with constrictions at septations. Candida albicans is the most common species. Fungal elements may be seen within leukocytes or free in the background. Candiduria can represent contamination, colonization, or true infection, particularly in catheterized patients, diabetics, or immunocompromised individuals. Culture is needed for species identification and significance determination.
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