Hypoparathyroidism
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Adrenal Cortex: Hypercorticism (Cushing Syndrome)
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AKT promotes G1/S transition through multiple mechanisms. A key one is the phosphorylation and cytoplasmic sequestration of the CDK inhibitors p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 via 14-3-3 proteins. This removes their inhibitory effect on Cyclin E-CDK2 complexes. Additionally, AKT phosphorylates and inactivates GSK3β, which normally promotes the degradation of Cyclin D1 and c-MYC. This stabilizes Cyclin D1, allowing it to activate CDK4/6, which initiates pRb phosphorylation. These combined actions drive the cell cycle forward.
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