Instrumentation artifact in urine cytology is suggested by the presence of lubricant gel (amorphous basophilic material), reactive urothelial cells with uniform nuclear enlargement, and sometimes columnar cells from the urethra. The urothelial cells show reactive changes but maintain smooth nuclear membranes and even chromatin. There may be increased cellularity due to mechanical dislodgment. Clinical history of recent catheterization or cystoscopy supports this interpretation. It's important to distinguish these reactive changes from malignancy, as instrumentation can cause significant atypia that mimics low-grade or even high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies