PSA is an enzyme (a serine protease) produced primarily by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. Its physiological function is to liquefy semen after ejaculation, which aids sperm motility. While it is a valuable tumor marker for prostate cancer, it is not specific to cancer. PSA levels can be elevated in many benign conditions, such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, urinary tract infections, and after prostate manipulation (like a digital rectal exam or biopsy). Therefore, an elevated PSA level alone does not diagnose cancer; it indicates the need for further evaluation, which may include a prostate biopsy.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies