TGF-β induces the expression of p15INK4B (CDKN2B). p15 is an inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6. By binding to and inhibiting these CDKs, p15 prevents the phosphorylation and inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Hypophosphorylated pRb remains active and bound to E2F, enforcing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This is a key mechanism for TGF-β's tumor-suppressive function.

Break down complex topics into smaller, manageable chunks for easier recall.

Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies