Mansonella and Biting Midge Vectors
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Dracunculus medinensis: Biology and Pathology
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In addition to causing cirrhosis, HCV proteins (particularly the Core protein) can directly interact with and modulate host cell signaling pathways. The Core protein has been shown to activate the STAT3 transcription factor. Activated STAT3 promotes cell proliferation, survival, and inhibits apoptosis. This direct dysregulation of intracellular signaling by the viral protein can contribute to oncogenic transformation even in the absence of advanced cirrhosis, although cirrhosis remains the major risk amplifier.
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