Calcium carbonate crystals appear as small, colorless, spherical granules that may form dumbbell shapes. They are usually incidental and found in alkaline urine, often after meals or in vegetarians. While generally not clinically significant, they can be associated with urinary stasis or infection with urea-splitting bacteria. They are one of the less common crystal types and are easily distinguished from other crystals by their spherical shape and occurrence in alkaline pH. Their presence alone does not indicate pathology but should be noted as part of the complete urinalysis.

Break down complex topics into smaller, manageable chunks for easier recall.

Zambia

• Naomi Miselo – 31 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies