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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), or vasopressin, is a peptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored/released from the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary physiological function is to regulate the body's water balance and plasma osmolality (concentration). It acts directly on the kidneys, specifically on the collecting ducts. When the body is dehydrated or blood concentration rises, ADH is released. It binds to receptors on the collecting duct cells, making them more permeable to water. This allows water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the bloodstream, resulting in the production of a small volume of concentrated urine, thereby conserving water. Conversely, when the body is over-hydrated, ADH secretion is suppressed, leading to the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.
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