Providing accurate, clear information about what to expect reduces preoperative anxiety by increasing predictability and sense of control. Preoperative teaching includes: procedure explanation; operating room environment; anesthesia; pain management; recovery expectations; and breathing exercises. Other anxiety-reducing strategies: therapeutic communication; presence of support person; relaxation techniques (deep breathing, imagery); and possibly preoperative medication. Anxiety affects physiological responses (increased heart rate, blood pressure) and recovery. Nurses assess anxiety level and coping style to tailor interventions. Moderate anxiety can enhance learning; severe anxiety impairs comprehension requiring simplification. Addressing specific fears (pain, death, loss of control, disfigurement) is more effective than general reassurance. Family education also reduces patient anxiety. Preoperative anxiety management improves cooperation, reduces analgesic requirements, and promotes better outcomes. Documentation should include anxiety assessment, interventions, and patient response.

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Zambia

• loveness Phiri – 722 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies