The primary nursing concern for heart valve disease is heart failure development due to volume or pressure overload, and prevention of complications like endocarditis. Valve disorders: stenosis (narrowing) causes pressure overload; regurgitation (leakage) causes volume overload. Symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, syncope, palpitations. Nursing assessments: heart murmurs; signs of heart failure (edema, crackles); and embolic events (stroke from atrial fibrillation common in mitral valve disease). Interventions: monitor for heart failure; administer medications (diuretics, afterload reducers, anticoagulants if atrial fibrillation); educate about endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures if indicated; prepare for valve repair/replacement if severe. Documentation includes symptom progression and functional limitation. Patient education: symptom recognition; medication adherence; activity guidelines; and follow-up. Nurses monitor for complications: arrhythmias, emboli, heart failure exacerbation. Valve disease management requires lifelong monitoring.

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Zambia

• loveness Phiri – 632 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies