ABO antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) are termed 'naturally occurring' because they appear in the serum of individuals without any prior exposure to foreign red blood cells through transfusion or pregnancy. Their development is a normal part of immune system maturation, stimulated by continuous exposure to environmental antigens. From early infancy, the gut becomes colonized with bacteria (like E. coli) that possess cell wall carbohydrates structurally similar to the A and B blood group substances. The immune system of an individual who lacks the corresponding antigen produces antibodies against these bacterial sugars. These antibodies cross-react with the human A or B antigens. This is in contrast to antibodies against most other blood groups (like Rh), which require an immunizing event (exposure to foreign red cells) to develop.

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Zambia

• loveness Phiri – 745 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies