Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

This topic provides a detailed examination of the chemical structure, properties, and biological functions of DNA and RNA, highlighting their roles in genetic information storage and expression. Tailored for Zambian tertiary students in biomedical sciences, biochemistry, or genetics, the module covers nucleotide composition, sugar-phosphate backbones, base pairing rules, double-helical conformations (A, B, Z forms), and the structural differences between DNA and RNA. Students will learn about the primary, secondary, and tertiary organization of nucleic acids, as well as the functional roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis. Mastery of nucleic acid structure is fundamental for excelling in molecular biology examinations and for careers in laboratory science, genetic research, or clinical diagnostics in Zambia. The content is aligned with diploma and degree-level curricula, ensuring learners build a robust foundation for advanced studies in genomics, molecular medicine, and biotechnology.