Nursing(Degree) · First Year · NUR102
Fundamentals of Nursing
Fundamentals of Nursing introduces students to the core principles, skills, and professional responsibilities of nursing practice. This course covers basic nursing procedures, patient care techniques, infection prevention, ethics, and professional conduct expected in Zambian healthcare settings. It lays the groundwork for all clinical nursing courses …
Read more
Fundamentals of Nursing introduces students to the core principles, skills, and professional responsibilities of nursing practice. This course covers basic nursing procedures, patient care techniques, infection prevention, ethics, and professional conduct expected in Zambian healthcare settings. It lays the groundwork for all clinical nursing courses that follow. At 25schools, we provide carefully structured exam questions and revision materials aligned with nursing training institutions in Zambia. Our content helps students understand what examiners expect while developing real-world nursing knowledge. If you want to pass your nursing exams with confidence and build a strong professional foundation, this course on 25schools is the right place to begin your nursing journey.
-
Coming soon
Topic 19Coming soon
Physical Examination Techniques
This tertiary nursing topic provides systematic instruction in the four fundamental physical examination techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Zambian nursing students learn to differentiate each method and apply it appropriately—for example, using inspection to observe skin color changes on the abdomen. The content integrates anatomy and physiology with clinical skills, preparing learners for objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and written university assessments. Students develop competency in sequencing examination techniques, interpreting findings, and documenting observations according to professional standards. This foundational topic is essential for all clinical nursing courses at diploma and degree level and establishes the assessment skills required for patient-centered care across Zambian healthcare settings.
-
Coming soon
Topic 20Coming soon
Admission and Discharge Procedures
A comprehensive tertiary nursing topic covering the complete continuum of patient admission, transfer, and discharge procedures. Zambian diploma and degree students learn to distinguish between planned/elective admissions and emergency admissions, with emphasis on the documentation requirements for each category. The topic addresses health history collection, specifically recording the chief complaint and demographic information as foundational assessment data. Students also examine the nurse's role in discharge planning, patient education, and continuity of care. Examination questions include multiple-choice identification and short-answer scenarios. This content prepares learners for medical-surgical nursing practice and for understanding patient flow within Zambian tertiary hospitals and primary healthcare facilities.
-
Topic 21
Documentation and Report Writing in Nursing
This essential topic covers the principles, purposes, and legal imperatives of accurate documentation and professional report writing in nursing practice. It emphasizes the importance of documentation for communication, legal protection, continuity of care, and quality assurance. The topic details principles such as brevity, clarity, accuracy, timeliness, and the avoidance of ambiguity, while also covering different types of reports (e.g., handover reports, incident reports) and the consequences of poor documentation. For Zambian nursing students at the tertiary level, this is a foundational skill with major implications. Mastery ensures that patient records in hospitals and clinics across Zambia are reliable, supports inter-professional collaboration, meets the standards of the General Nursing Council of Zambia, and provides a legal record of care. Success in this topic is crucial for both clinical assessments and written examinations, preparing students for the rigorous documentation requirements of their future professional roles in the Zambian healthcare system.
-
Coming soon
Topic 22Coming soon
Heat Transfer and Temperature Regulation
This tertiary nursing topic examines the biophysical principles of heat transfer as applied to patient care environments. Zambian nursing students learn to differentiate conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation, with specific application to nursing interventions such as hypothermia management, tepid sponging, and environmental temperature control. The content integrates physics principles with clinical nursing practice, preparing students for examination questions requiring mechanism identification and rationale explanation. Learners develop understanding of how heat is lost and gained through direct contact, fluid movement, electromagnetic waves, and vaporization. This foundational physiology topic supports advanced study in perioperative nursing, neonatal care, and medical-surgical nursing at diploma and degree levels.
-
Coming soon
Topic 23Coming soon
Respiratory Assessment and Breathing Patterns
A precise tertiary nursing topic focused on the systematic assessment of respiration, including terminology for normal and abnormal breathing patterns. Zambian diploma and degree students learn to define and identify dyspnea, eupnea, hyperpnea, and apnea, with emphasis on the clinical significance of each pattern. The content prepares learners for multiple-choice examination questions requiring accurate terminology application. Students develop competency in respiratory rate counting, pattern recognition, and documentation of findings. This foundational assessment topic is essential for medical-surgical nursing, critical care, and emergency nursing courses, establishing the vocabulary and observational skills required for competent respiratory assessment across Zambian healthcare settings.
-
Coming soon
Topic 24Coming soon
Comfort Devices and Pressure Relief
This tertiary nursing topic addresses the selection and application of comfort devices, with detailed focus on the bed cradle as an intervention for pressure relief and linen management. Zambian nursing students learn the specific indications for bed cradle use: preventing the weight of linen from resting on the body or limbs of patients with burns, ulcers, fractures, or post-operative conditions. The content differentiates between various comfort and positioning devices, their mechanisms of action, and evaluation criteria for effectiveness. Examination preparation includes multiple-choice identification and clinical scenario application. This foundational topic is essential for medical-surgical nursing, orthopedic nursing, and pressure injury prevention programs within Zambian diploma and degree curricula.
-
Coming soon
Topic 25Coming soon
Roles and Functions of the Nurse
A comprehensive tertiary nursing topic examining the multidimensional roles of professional nurses in contemporary Zambian healthcare. Students analyze examination questions requiring identification of specific nursing roles—differentiating between care giver, counselor, change agent, and rehabilitator through clinical scenarios. The topic uses the example of a nurse teaching basket-making to a client with leprosy-related hand loss to illustrate the rehabilitator role in promoting functional independence and economic participation. Learners explore role theory, role integration, and the expanding scope of nursing practice in tertiary hospitals, community health, and rehabilitation settings. This content is essential for professional identity formation and for answering scenario-based examination questions common in diploma and degree assessments.
-
Coming soon
Topic 26Coming soon
Dehydration Classification and Management
A critical tertiary nursing topic addressing the systematic classification and evidence-based management of dehydration across the lifespan. Zambian diploma and degree students learn to differentiate mild, moderate, and severe dehydration based on clinical assessment findings including weight loss, mucous membrane status, skin turgor, urine output, and mental status. The content provides structured management algorithms for each classification level, including oral rehydration therapy, enteral fluid administration via nasogastric tube, and intravenous fluid resuscitation with appropriate solutions such as Ringer's lactate. Examination preparation includes short-answer questions requiring classification criteria and intervention selection. This topic is essential for pediatric nursing, medical-surgical nursing, and emergency nursing practice in Zambian hospitals and health centers.
-
Coming soon
Topic 27Coming soon
Intravenous Fluid Therapy Calculations
A rigorous tertiary nursing topic focused on the mathematical competencies required for safe intravenous fluid administration. Zambian nursing students master drip rate calculations using the formula: (volume in mL × drop factor) ÷ (time in minutes). The topic provides guided practice with clinical scenarios including isotonic solutions such as Normal Saline administered via giving sets with varying drop factors (10, 15, 20 drops/mL). Learners develop speed and accuracy in calculating flow rates, adjusting infusion rates, and verifying orders against clinical calculations. This quantitative competency is essential for medical-surgical nursing, pediatric nursing, and critical care practice. Examination questions include direct calculation items and integrated case studies common in diploma and degree nursing assessments and professional registration examinations.