Anemia: Classification and Pathophysiology

This core hematology topic provides a systematic approach to anemia, covering aetiological, cytometric, erythrokinetic, and biochemical classifications. Students will study anemia due to blood loss, defective formation, and increased destruction. Detailed focus is given to nutritional anemias (iron, B12, folate), aplastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, and hemolytic anemias. For tertiary students in Zambian colleges and universities, this is paramount for clinical diagnosis and management, addressing conditions highly prevalent in the region such as iron deficiency and sickle cell disease. The topic aligns perfectly with examination blueprints, testing students' ability to differentiate anemias based on laboratory findings and clinical features, a critical competency for any medical laboratory scientist or clinician.