DNA Analysis in Forensic Science

DNA analysis represents the gold standard in forensic individualization and is a critical topic for tertiary students in Zambia studying forensic science, biotechnology, or molecular biology. This module covers the extraction, quantification, and profiling of DNA from biological evidence, with a focus on Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-STRs, and their applications in criminal and civil cases. University and college learners will gain insight into how DNA evidence is processed in laboratories, interpreted for paternity testing, and presented in court. The topic also addresses the strengths and limitations of DNA evidence, its role in solving crimes like sexual assault and homicide, and its importance in missing persons investigations relevant to Zambia. Understanding DNA analysis is paramount for students aiming for roles in the National Institute of Crime Laboratory, research institutions, or legal consultancy within Zambia's justice system.