Ethical Theories and Moral Reasoning

This topic introduces the major ethical theories that provide frameworks for analyzing and resolving moral dilemmas in health and research. Essential for Zambian university students in philosophy, ethics, and health sciences, it covers Consequentialism (e.g., Utilitarianism), Deontological ethics (duty-based, e.g., Kantianism), and Virtue Ethics. Students will learn to apply these theories to real-world cases, such as resource allocation, end-of-life decisions, and research ethics. The topic also distinguishes ethical reasoning from mere opinion, tradition, or law, emphasizing traits like universalizability and prescriptivity. For Zambian learners, proficiency in ethical reasoning enables critical analysis of policy debates, reasoned justification for professional decisions, and contribution to ethical discourse in academic settings, preparing them for leadership roles in Zambia's health and research sectors.