Genetics of Blood Groups

This topic delves into the genetic foundations of human blood group systems, a core component of immunohematology and transfusion science. Zambian university and college students will explore concepts such as chromosomes, genes, alleles (including silent, co-dominant, homozygous, and heterozygous), and the genetic basis of antigen expression in systems like ABO and Rh. The module explains how blood group antigens originate via direct and indirect genetic transfer, providing the scientific basis for blood typing, compatibility testing, and understanding transfusion reactions. Mastery of this topic is essential for students in biomedical sciences, medical laboratory technology, and related health programs, as it underpins safe blood transfusion practices, prenatal testing, and the investigation of hemolytic disease of the newborn. A solid understanding of blood group genetics is crucial for passing professional examinations and for competent practice in hospital blood banks and reference laboratories across Zambia.