University revision · Clinical Biochemistry

Inherited Metabolic Disorders

Question 1 of 37 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

Which of the following are peroxisomal disorders?

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Hypokalemia is the medical condition defined by a low serum potassium concentration, typically below 3.5 mmol/L. Potassium is the major intracellular cation and is critical for maintaining the resting membrane potential of cells, especially nerve and muscle cells, including cardiac muscle. Common causes include excessive gastrointestinal losses (vomiting, diarrhea, laxative abuse), renal losses (from diuretic use, hyperaldosteronism, renal tubular acidosis), intracellular shifts (from alkalosis, insulin administration), and poor dietary intake. Symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, constipation, and cardiac manifestations such as arrhythmias (premature beats, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), and characteristic ECG changes (flattened T waves, U waves, ST depression). Severe hypokalemia can lead to paralysis and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause and cautious potassium replacement.

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