Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) in HIV

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a major AIDS-defining opportunistic infection covered in Zambian infectious disease and respiratory medicine curricula. This topic details the clinical presentation of subacute dyspnea, dry cough, and fever, alongside diagnostic methods such as chest imaging and induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. Students learn first-line treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the role of adjunctive corticosteroids in moderate-severe disease, and alternative regimens for drug intolerance. The module also covers secondary prophylaxis and its discontinuation following immune recovery on ART. Given PCP's high mortality if untreated, this training is vital for medical, nursing, and clinical officer students preparing for internal medicine, pulmonology, and HIV clinic rotations. Mastery of PCP management directly impacts survival and quality of life for people living with HIV in Zambia.