University revision · Forensic Science

Quality Assurance and Control in Forensic Laboratories

Question 1 of 82 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

A fundamental requirement of a laboratory's quality assurance program is the stringent adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) by all staff.

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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique that allows scientists and pathologists to visualize specific proteins, called antigens, within tissue sections. It works by using antibodies that are specifically designed to bind to these antigens. These antibodies are linked to an enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase. When a chemical substrate is added, the enzyme triggers a reaction that produces a visible color change at the exact location where the antigen is present in the tissue. This technique is invaluable because it combines detailed cellular visualization—showing us *where* a protein is located within a cell or tissue structure—with high specificity. It is widely used in research and, crucially, in clinical diagnostics to help identify cell types, diagnose cancers, and understand disease processes, all while keeping the tissue's original structure intact for examination under a microscope.

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