Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology

Renal physiology encompasses the kidney's role in maintaining homeostasis, including glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and endocrine functions. This topic provides an in-depth examination of nephron function, acid-base balance, electrolyte regulation, and the production of hormones like renin and erythropoietin. Students will learn to interpret renal function tests such as serum creatinine, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and creatinine clearance. The module also covers the pathophysiology of acute and chronic kidney injury, proteinuria, and renal stone formation. For Zambian college and university students in medical laboratory science and clinical medicine, this knowledge is critical for diagnosing and monitoring renal diseases. A solid grasp of renal biochemistry supports success in examinations and equips learners with skills necessary for managing patients with kidney disorders in clinical and laboratory environments.