Tumour Immune Evasion

This topic examines the sophisticated strategies tumours employ to avoid detection and destruction by the immune system, a critical area in tertiary-level cancer immunology. Mechanisms include the upregulation of inhibitory checkpoints like CTLA-4 and PD-1, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., TGF-β, IL-10), formation of physical barriers, and downregulation of MHC molecules. For Zambian university students in Biomedical Sciences, Immunology, and related degree programs, this content is vital for understanding why cancers persist despite immune surveillance. It aligns with examinable material in the University of Zambia's immunology courses and is foundational for grasping the rationale behind immune checkpoint blockade therapies. As cancer treatment evolves globally, including in Zambia, knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms is essential for future healthcare professionals and researchers aiming to improve patient outcomes through targeted immunotherapies.