Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a core interventional technique in modern diagnostic pathology, extensively covered in tertiary health science programs across Zambian universities and colleges. This topic provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles, advantages, equipment, procedural techniques, and applications of FNAC for sampling palpable and deep-seated lesions. Learners compare FNAC with core needle and open biopsy, study methods of slide preparation, and explore ancillary techniques like immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The module also addresses potential complications, contraindications, and limitations of the procedure. For Zambian tertiary students pursuing degrees or diplomas in Cytopathology or Surgical Pathology, proficiency in FNAC is a highly marketable skill. It enables rapid, cost-effective diagnosis, which is invaluable in resource-conscious settings. Mastery of this topic ensures examination readiness and prepares graduates for active roles in hospital cytology units, outpatient clinics, and as part of multidisciplinary diagnostic teams, significantly contributing to patient care and oncological management in Zambia.