Malignant Melanoma

This topic addresses malignant melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer arising from melanocytes. Zambian university students will learn the major risk factors, including sunlight exposure (especially in light-skinned individuals), the presence of pre-existing nevi (particularly dysplastic nevi), and hereditary factors. The core of the topic is the recognition of early warning signs, often summarized by the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter >6mm, and Evolution (change). Unlike benign nevi, melanomas exhibit striking variations in pigmentation and irregular borders. Understanding these clinical features is paramount for early detection, which drastically improves prognosis. This knowledge is critical for any healthcare professional involved in skin checks and is essential for dermatology, surgery, and pathology examinations in Zambia.