Metals in Toxicology

Metals constitute a critical category of toxicants in toxicology, with significant implications for human health and environmental safety in Zambia. This topic explores the historical use, anthropogenic sources, and common toxicological mechanisms of metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic. Students will learn how metals exert toxicity through enzyme inhibition, disruption of subcellular organelles, carcinogenicity, and targeting of organs like the kidney, nervous system, and respiratory tract. Understanding metal toxicity is essential for Zambian university students in biomedical sciences, public health, and environmental studies, as it informs regulatory policies, occupational safety, and clinical management of poisoning. Mastery of this topic supports examination success and prepares learners for careers in toxicology, laboratory science, and environmental health across Zambia’s tertiary institutions.