Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a critical aspect of clinical pharmacology that ensures drug efficacy and minimizes toxicity by measuring drug concentrations in biological fluids. This topic covers the principles of pharmacokinetics, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Students will learn the indications for TDM, factors affecting plasma drug levels, and the clinical application of monitoring for drugs like digoxin, lithium, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants. The module also introduces pharmacogenomics and the impact of genetic polymorphisms (e.g., CYP450 enzymes) on drug metabolism. For Zambian tertiary students in pharmacy, pharmacology, and medical laboratory science, proficiency in TDM is essential for optimizing drug therapy, managing poisonings, and supporting personalized medicine. This knowledge prepares learners for professional exams and roles in hospital TDM services, toxicology labs, and clinical research.